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Statistics on the increase of HIV incidence in the Czech Republic

STATISTICS

In 2025, a total of 379 new HIV cases were recorded in the Czech Republic, based on data from the National Institute of Public Health. This number includes Czech citizens, long‑term residents, and individuals with refugee status.

Out of the total, 293 new diagnoses concern Czech citizens and long‑term residents.

153 were Czech citizens
140 were long‑term residents

A significant proportion of long‑term residents were individuals of Ukrainian nationality. Among them, 71 HIV cases were recorded in 2025:

54 newly diagnosed
17 previously diagnosed individuals who entered the Czech system through preventive or administrative procedures.

A newly monitored group consists of Ukrainian nationals with refugee status, among whom 86 HIV‑positive persons were recorded in 2025. Most of these individuals had already been diagnosed and treated in Ukraine and sought specialized care in the Czech Republic to ensure proper treatment and follow‑up.

The 2025 statistics show that the highest incidence by region was recorded in:

Prague (highest)
South Moravian Region (second highest)
Central Bohemian Region (third highest)

HIV positivity was most commonly detected among individuals aged 25–39. The most frequent mode of transmission was sex between men (approximately two‑thirds of all cases), while heterosexual transmission accounted for roughly one‑quarter of all diagnosed cases. The information is based on data from the National Institute of Public Health.

On the map, the Prague region (highest HIV incidence) is marked in red, the South Moravian Region (second highest incidence) in orange, and the Central Bohemian Region (third highest incidence in the Czech Republic) in yellow.

Statistics by age of first diagnosis

The following data are currently recorded until 2026 (according to the National Institute of Health). The statistics include age ranges, number of people and gender distribution into men and women.

0-4 years - 10 people (female 6/ male 4)
5-9 years - 4 people (female 1/ male 3)
10-14 years - 9 people (female 2/ male 7)
15-19 years - 108 people (female 34/ male 74)
20-24 years - 629 people (female 115/ male 515)
25-29 years - 980 people (female 127/ male 853)
30-34 years - 1024 people (female 148/ male 876)
35-39 years - 842 people (female 95/ male 747)
40-44 years - 633 people (female 91/ male 542)
45-49 years - 450 people (female 58/ men 392)
50-54 years - 243 people (women 53/ men 190)
55-59 years - 155 people (women 36/ men 119)
60+ years - 116 people (women 14/ men 102)

According to these data, it can be said that the most affected age category is people between 20-35 years old, but we are talking about the age when there is an increasing emphasis on responsibility for health and testing for sexually transmitted diseases in general. Similarly, statistics show that HIV-positive people are predominantly men, who are mostly homosexual or bisexual, but we will present these data in another statistic, where the state health institute publishes such detailed information.

January 2026 in numbers

How did the Czech Republic perform in January 2026 according to the State Institute of Health In January, 173,930 people were tested (Czech citizens and residents), of which 22 were HIV positive. Foreigners were tested in the number of 334, of which there were two positive cases of HIV (nationality Poland and Italy). Ukrainian residents without refugee status, who were HIV positive in the number of 6 people and Ukrainian refugees in the number of 4 people HIV positive. A total of 174,264 people were tested, of which 24 new HIV positive people. (Czechs 10 / residents 12 (of which 6 Ukrainians and 4 Ukrainian refugees / Foreigners 2).

How did the Czech Republic perform in January 2026 according to the National Institute of Public Health

In January, a total of 173,930 individuals (Czech citizens and residents) were tested, of whom 22 were HIV positive. Foreign nationals were tested in the number of 334, of which 2 cases were HIV positive (nationalities: Poland and Italy). Among Ukrainian residents without refugee status, 6 individuals tested HIV positive, and among Ukrainian refugees, 4 individuals were HIV positive.

In total, 174,264 people were tested, with 24 newly identified HIV-positive cases (Czech citizens: 10 / residents: 12, including 6 Ukrainians and 4 Ukrainian refugees / foreigners: 2).

How HIV is most often spread

According to the available sources of the State Institute of Health, we have the following data regarding detailed information regarding the transmission of HIV between patients. These data are collected for the period 1858-2026, i.e. for 168 years, in the statistics you will find the four most common and well-known methods of transmission, the number of positive people and the distribution by gender, men and women.

Homosexual/bisexual - a total of 3266 people (women 0/ men 3266)
Injecting drug users - a total of 191 people (women 43/ men 148)
Heterosexuals - a total of 1409 people (women 683/ men 726)
Mother-to-child transmission - a total of 12 children (women 8/ men 4)